As our population ages and we approach a world where people are living longer than ever, it’s important that people feel confident they will lead healthy lives as they age. However, while life expectancy is increasing, modern lifestyles are taking their toll on quality of life, with an increasing number of people globally suffering from chronic and lifestyle-related diseases.

People need to feel they can trust healthcare providers and professionals to facilitate a long-term healthy future. However, rising healthcare costs in markets such as the US, combined with a crisis of trust in markets such as the UK – with its recent NHS care scandals (see BBC News coverage: http://lei.sr?a=Y0L1L) – are eroding consumers’ confidence that healthcare providers will deliver.

As a result, people are seeking greater personal control over their health. In the UK, 64 per cent of people in the UK say they take proactive steps to manage their health, even when they are not ill. Self-diagnosis is also fast on the increase, with 44 per cent of people researching medical conditions themselves, often circumventing traditional, professional healthcare paths (source: TFC Global Monitor 2010).

Taking control
As part of this trend towards the self-management of health, we’re seeing more people adopting a range of ‘DIY health tools’ that help them stay in control of their wellbeing – whether that’s prevention, monitoring or management.

According to Diane Fruge, director of family health at The Pritikin Longevity Center in Miami, US, this is an important move for both consumers and the healthcare industry as a whole: “Prevention and health education are key to better and healthier living. Knowing how to take care of yourself can eliminate unwanted illness and disease, and could potentially help reduce healthcare costs.” (see Fox Business report: http://lei.sr?a=Z1z5V)

The trend is facilitated largely by the increasing adoption and development of mobile technologies and innovative devices. In the 2013 Mobile App Behaviour Survey – conducted in February by apigee (www.apigee.com) among over 760 smartphone users in the UK, US, Spain, France and Germany – 82 per cent of respondents felt there were critical apps they couldn’t go without for even a day, with email leading the way.

Spain topped the chart, with 93 per cent of those surveyed saying they couldn’t go one day without apps; in the US, 50 per cent of respondents claimed not to be able to last four hours. Meanwhile, in France, 18 per cent said they couldn’t order dinner without an app; 23 per cent of Spaniards felt apps were the only way they could find a date; and 40 per cent of Germans would rather stop drinking coffee than delete all the apps on their phone forever.

With health and wellbeing applications estimated to make up approximately 40 per cent of new smartphone apps being developed (see The Guardian online article: http://lei.sr?a=K1b6A), self-management of health represents big business. Indeed, when it comes to monitoring existing conditions and diagnosis of potential problems, we’re seeing a huge increase in mobile applications and devices – from monitoring moles to identifying malaria – that allow people to receive instant information and diagnostics about their current state of health.

Meanwhile, as social networking continues to be a valuable source of personal connection and influence – while trust in professionals has wavered – we’re seeing online citizen support networks such as CureTogether grow in popularity. CureTogether is a network of 26,000 members offering curative advice and support for people across hundreds of illnesses (www.curetogether.com).

Data analysis
However, the story doesn’t end with short-term solutions. Advancing technology has brought with it a data-driven movement. People are gaining comfort in, and confidence with, data, facts and measurements, and this appears to be particularly true within healthcare and fitness.

We’re therefore seeing the rise of the ‘Quantified Self’ – people using smartphone applications and devices to capture details about their health over time, in order to shape their lives based on enhanced knowledge and insights. Behaviour change is the goal of this movement, as Gina Neff, associate professor of communication at the University of Washington, explains. “Data leads to knowledge, and knowledge leads to action,” she says.

A wide variety of self-tracking and data capture applications and monitoring devices exist across the market, from the Zeo Sleep Manager that measures sleep cycles, through Jawbone and the Nike+ Fuel Band that measure daily movement, to the Withings range of apps that monitor everything from heart rate and activities to weight and calorie intake.

However, according to Christiaan Vorkink, principal at heath technology company True Ventures, adequate analysis of this data remains a challenge: “A huge Quantified Self problem is that our ability to measure has outpaced our modes and models for analysis.”

Analysis expertise is essential if data is to be translated into the right course of action for the user, in terms of a tailored healthcare plan. Knowing about yourself is one thing, but knowing what to do with that information is another thing entirely.

So what might happen next? In the future, we will see a greater focus on the importance of data analysis and healthcare integration. We may see the advance of remote healthcare, for example, where doctors monitor patients remotely – analysing data generated by monitoring apps and devices to give tailored treatment advice – thereby saving on GP visits and healthcare resource. Already devices such as Sensimed’s Triggerfish system – a wearable, sensor-filled contact lens for glaucoma sufferers – are able to wirelessly send data that doctors can monitor, adjusting medication as necessary.

As technologies advance, new devices will emerge that not only monitor health, but that can also administer treatments. Contact lens manufacturers are again leading the way, with a breakthrough drug-dispensing product – which sandwiches medicine between two layers of lens, administering it at constant rates over time – tested as long ago as 2009 (see Scientific American article: http://lei.sr?a=f8X7T).

Tapping the trend
So what might this mean for the fitness industry? The emergence of self-monitoring and data-driven behaviour change is of huge significance. As healthcare management becomes more people-centred, it’s important for the fitness industry to encourage and allow people to feel comfortable and confident in taking a proactive role in managing their own health and fitness activities.

As we have seen, new and accessible technologies have a vital role to play, and this cannot be ignored. The apps and device markets are growing and advancing, driven by the need for convenient and tailored solutions. These will become central to the way people plan their health and fitness activities, so it’s important for the industry to actively embrace these new technologies.

Here we outline three ways in which the fitness industry should tap into the up-and-coming ‘DIY Health’ trend:

Make lifestyle apps compulsory:
Gyms and health clubs should offer a lifestyle app including training, calorie and exercise functions as standard, to be used by all members from sign-up. This should be integrated into all fitness activity, making its usage compulsory both inside the gym and out. A bespoke branded gym app would be the ideal, helping to drive brand loyalty.

Deliver ultra-personal training:
Application and device data should be central to all fitness activity, both within and outside of the gym. Fitness professionals could be trained to spend time analysing the holistic lifestyle and fitness data received from the apps in order to offer the most personalised fitness plans and health advice possible.

Reward lifestyle change:
The continued usage of lifestyle apps and devices should be rewarded as a positive lifestyle change through discounts on other products or health club services, such as at-home equipment for additional workouts, or massages and other holistic treatments.